Measured Data
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
---|---|---|
25 | 0.02 | 0.029 |
50 | -0.107 | 0.244 |
75 | 0.184 | 0.218 |
Specific Heat Release Rate
Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
---|---|---|
10.0 | 1603.0 | 24.0 |
20.0 | 1535.0 | 159.0 |
30.0 | 1486.0 | 12.0 |
40.0 | 1383.0 | 86.0 |
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
---|---|---|
15.0 | 0.021 | 0.001 |
65.0 | 0.027 | 0.001 |
Derived Data
Soot Yield
Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Soot Yield [g/g] | Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
---|---|---|
25 | 0.024 | 0.031 |
50 | 0.076 | 0.108 |
75 | 0.777 | 1.205 |
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
Value | R1 | R2 | R3 | Mean | Std. Dev. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 18.37 | 18.36 | 18.76 | 18.5 | 0.19 |
Cone Calorimeter
Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] | Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg] |
---|---|---|
25 | 11.1 | 2.7 |
50 | 16.0 | 6.1 |
75 | 19.5 | 3.0 |
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. |
---|---|---|
600.0 | 0.984 | 0.001 |
800.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |
1000.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |
1200.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |
1400.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |
1600.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |
1800.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |
2000.0 | 0.983 | 0.001 |