Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) | 
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1075.0 | 46.0 | 
| 20.0 | 1121.0 | 34.0 | 
| 30.0 | 1153.0 | 48.0 | 
| 40.0 | 1100.0 | 53.0 | 
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) | 
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.042 | 0.000 | 
| 65.0 | 0.050 | 0.001 | 
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Mass loss rate [kg/s] was measured in cone calorimeter experiments at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] | 
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0.029 | 0.001 | 
| 50 | 0.029 | 0.004 | 
| 75 | 0.031 | 0.001 | 
Specific Heat Release Rate
Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Derived Data
Soot Yield
Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Soot Yield [g/g] | Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] | 
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0.072 | 0.005 | 
| 50 | 0.056 | 0.009 | 
| 75 | 0.065 | 0.009 | 
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
| Value | R1 | R2 | R3 | Mean | Std. Dev. | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 19.58 | 19.71 | 19.79 | 19.69 | 0.09 | 
Cone Calorimeter
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] | Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg] | 
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 29.3 | 1.6 | 
| 50 | 24.8 | 1.5 | 
| 75 | 23.5 | 1.7 | 
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
| Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. | 
|---|---|---|
| 600.0 | 0.922 | 0.002 | 
| 800.0 | 0.892 | 0.002 | 
| 1000.0 | 0.859 | 0.004 | 
| 1200.0 | 0.824 | 0.006 | 
| 1400.0 | 0.793 | 0.008 | 
| 1600.0 | 0.767 | 0.011 | 
| 1800.0 | 0.745 | 0.013 | 
| 2000.0 | 0.728 | 0.015 |