Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1320.0 | 492.0 |
| 20.0 | 1385.0 | 550.0 |
| 30.0 | 1486.0 | 556.0 |
| 40.0 | 1485.0 | 645.0 |
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1488.0 | 605.0 |
| 20.0 | 1491.0 | 578.0 |
| 30.0 | 1610.0 | 609.0 |
| 40.0 | 1615.0 | 693.0 |
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.024 | 0.001 |
| 65.0 | 0.029 | 0.001 |
| 45.0 | NaN | NaN |
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.022 | 0.003 |
| 65.0 | NaN | NaN |
| 45.0 | 0.025 | 0.002 |
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min.
Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
Specific Heat Release Rate
Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Derived Data
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
| Value | R1 | R2 | R3 | Mean | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 11.4 | 11.44 | 13.38 | 12.07 | 0.92 |
Temperature at Onset of Decomposition
The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.
| 3 °C/min | 10 °C/min | 30 °C/min | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Onset Temperature (°C) | 230 | 245 | 260 |
| Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) | NaN | 0 | 1 |
| Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) | 5.49e-04 | 5.24e-04 | 5.33e-04 |
| Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) | NaN | 0.03e-04 | 0.01e-04 |
| Mean Mass Fraction at Onset | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset | NaN | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) | 389 | 395 | 414 |
| Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) | NaN | 8 | 8 |
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
| Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|
| 600.0 | 0.903 | 0.003 |
| 800.0 | 0.868 | 0.005 |
| 1000.0 | 0.825 | 0.007 |
| 1200.0 | 0.779 | 0.010 |
| 1400.0 | 0.735 | 0.013 |
| 1600.0 | 0.698 | 0.016 |
| 1800.0 | 0.667 | 0.019 |
| 2000.0 | 0.641 | 0.022 |