Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material shrivels horizontally prior to ignition, then warps and expands several centimeters vertically after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid are not effective at preventing this behavior and were not used. Samples were tested at the 60 mm distance from the cone heater to prevent contact with the cone heater. At the 25 kW/m² heat flux exposure the samples self-extinguished with unburned mass remaining, and did not reignite in the presence of the spark ignitor. Representative post test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m²] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels horizontally prior to ignition, then warps and expands several centimeters vertically after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid are not effective at preventing this behavior and were not used. Samples were tested at the 60 mm distance from the cone heater to prevent contact with the cone heater. At the 25 kW/m² heat flux exposure the samples self-extinguished with unburned mass remaining, and did not reignite in the presence of the spark ignitor. Representative post test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels horizontally prior to ignition, then warps and expands several centimeters vertically after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid are not effective at preventing this behavior and were not used. Samples were tested at the 60 mm distance from the cone heater to prevent contact with the cone heater. At the 25 kW/m² heat flux exposure the samples self-extinguished with unburned mass remaining, and did not reignite in the presence of the spark ignitor. Representative post test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material shrivels horizontally prior to ignition, then warps and expands several centimeters vertically after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid are not effective at preventing this behavior and were not used. Samples were tested at the 60 mm distance from the cone heater to prevent contact with the cone heater. At the 25 kW/m² heat flux exposure the samples self-extinguished with unburned mass remaining, and did not reignite in the presence of the spark ignitor. Representative post test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material shrivels horizontally prior to ignition, then warps and expands several centimeters vertically after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid are not effective at preventing this behavior and were not used. Samples were tested at the 60 mm distance from the cone heater to prevent contact with the cone heater. At the 25 kW/m² heat flux exposure the samples self-extinguished with unburned mass remaining, and did not reignite in the presence of the spark ignitor. Representative post test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Melting temperature [T_melt] and the enthalpy of melting [kJ/kg] were derived quantities computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.