Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1336.0 | 75.0 |
| 20.0 | 1383.0 | 67.0 |
| 30.0 | 1453.0 | 75.0 |
| 40.0 | 1524.0 | 83.0 |
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1144.0 | 60.0 |
| 20.0 | 1191.0 | 69.0 |
| 30.0 | 1226.0 | 75.0 |
| 40.0 | 1281.0 | 67.0 |
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.113 | 0.006 |
| 45.0 | 0.120 | 0.006 |
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.095 | 0.005 |
| 45.0 | 0.102 | 0.005 |
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments were conducted at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min.
Cone calorimeter tests were conducted at a heat flux of 35 kW/m2 on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity.
Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
Cone Calorimeter: 35 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Cone calorimeter tests were conducted at a heat flux of 35 kW/m2 on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity.
Cone Calorimeter: 35 kW/m2
| 35 kW/m² R1 | 35 kW/m² R2 | 35 kW/m² R3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Sustained Ignition (s) | 68.75 | 80.00 | 75.50 |
| Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) | 591.50 | 558.75 | 584.00 |
| Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) | 161.14 | 173.75 | 155.85 |
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Cone calorimeter tests were conducted at a heat flux of 35 kW/m2 on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
|---|---|---|
| 35 | 0.029 | 0.013 |
Specific Heat Release Rate
Micro-scale combustion calorimeter tests were conducted at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Derived Data
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
| Value | R1 | R2 | R3 | Mean | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 11.01 | 10.84 | 11.5 | 11.12 | 0.28 |
Temperature at Onset of Decomposition
Simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments were conducted at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min.
| 3 °C/min | 10 °C/min | 30 °C/min | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Onset Temperature (°C) | 184 | 207 | 222 |
| Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) | NaN | 4 | 2 |
| Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) | 4.09e-04 | 4.17e-04 | 3.98e-04 |
| Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) | NaN | 0.22e-04 | 0.06e-04 |
| Mean Mass Fraction at Onset | 0.98 | 0.98 | 0.98 |
| Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset | NaN | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) | 439 | 469 | 485 |
| Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) | NaN | 5 | 2 |