Measured Data

Expand all

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps and shrinks during cone calorimeter tests. Warping was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires. The sample self-extinguished in one test, HF25_R3, and reignited after the spark ignitor was inserted. Representative test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.027 0.003
50 0.006 0.0
75 0.006 0.0

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

200300400500600700010203040506070
MeanTemperature (°C)Specific HRR (W/g)Repository Version: d492829

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Expand all

Unconditioned

1015202530354013001350140014501500155016001650
Temperature (°C)Specific Heat (J/kgK)Repository Version: d492829
Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1368.0 25.0
20.0 1437.0 32.0
30.0 1507.0 26.0
40.0 1578.0 33.0

Dried

10152025303540115012001250130013501400
Temperature (°C)Specific Heat (J/kgK)Repository Version: d492829
Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1205.0 24.0
20.0 1253.0 18.0
30.0 1299.0 20.0
40.0 1354.0 38.0

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Expand all

Unconditioned

152025303540450.120.1250.130.1350.14
Temperature (°C)Thermal Conductivity (W/mK)Repository Version: d492829
Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.124 0.003
45.0 0.134 0.003

Dried

152025303540450.110.1120.1140.1160.118
Temperature (°C)Thermal Conductivity (W/mK)Repository Version: d492829
Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.111 0.001
45.0 0.117 0.001

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps and shrinks during cone calorimeter tests. Warping was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires. The sample self-extinguished in one test, HF25_R3, and reignited after the spark ignitor was inserted. Representative test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Expand all

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

10020030040050060070000.0010.0020.0030.0040.005
+2σ-2σ30K/min+2σ-2σ10K/min+2σ-2σ3K/minTemperature (°C)Normalized MLR (1/s)Repository Version: d492829

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

0200400600800100012001400160000.050.10.15
R1R2R3R4Time (s)Mass Loss Rate (g/s)Repository Version: d492829

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

02004006008001000120000.050.10.150.2
R1R2R3Time (s)Mass Loss Rate (g/s)Repository Version: d492829

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

02004006008001000120000.050.10.150.20.250.3
R1R2R3Time (s)Mass Loss Rate (g/s)Repository Version: d492829

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps and shrinks during cone calorimeter tests. Warping was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires. The sample self-extinguished in one test, HF25_R3, and reignited after the spark ignitor was inserted. Representative test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Expand all

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

02004006008001000120014001600050100150200250
R1R2R3R4Time (s)HRRPUA (kW/m​2)Repository Version: d492829

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

020040060080010001200050100150200250300
R1R2R3Time (s)HRRPUA (kW/m​2)Repository Version: d492829

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

0200400600800100012000100200300400
R1R2R3Time (s)HRRPUA (kW/m​2)Repository Version: d492829

Derived Data

Expand all

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps and shrinks during cone calorimeter tests. Warping was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires. The sample self-extinguished in one test, HF25_R3, and reignited after the spark ignitor was inserted. Representative test pictures are available at the link above to Download raw data.

Expand all

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R3 R4 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 12.6 11.54 11.19 11.78 0.6

Cone Calorimeter

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg]
25 12.1 0.3
50 13.5 0.0
75 14.5 0.1

Band Averaged Emissivity

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

6008001000120014001600180020000.70.750.80.850.9
Source Temperature [K]Total Hemispherical EmissivityRepository Version: d492829
Source Temperature [K] Emissivity Std. Dev.
600.0 0.929 0.001
800.0 0.902 0.002
1000.0 0.866 0.004
1200.0 0.827 0.007
1400.0 0.791 0.010
1600.0 0.759 0.013
1800.0 0.732 0.015
2000.0 0.710 0.018