Measured Data

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1391.0 36.0
20.0 1441.0 24.0
30.0 1513.0 30.0
40.0 1576.0 33.0

Dried

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1229.0 24.0
20.0 1271.0 20.0
30.0 1331.0 25.0
40.0 1383.0 25.0

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.107 0.006
65.0 0.119 0.006

Dried

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.097 0.004
65.0 0.107 0.004

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

25 kW/m² R1 25 kW/m² R2 25 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 174.25 134.50 173.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 19.75 28.00 27.50
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 225.43 210.94 258.70

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

50 kW/m² R1 50 kW/m² R2 50 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 25.50 21.00 22.25
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 29.25 45.25 41.00
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 284.13 267.19 277.62

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

75 kW/m² R1 75 kW/m² R2 75 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 10.25 7.50 12.25
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 20.25 21.50 20.00
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 367.69 379.77 381.51

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.008 0.003
50 0.005 0.0
75 0.007 0.001

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Derived Data

Soot Yield

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Soot Yield [g/g] Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.003 0.001
50 0.008 0.001
75 0.01 0.0

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R2 R3 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 13.64 14.71 13.96 14.1 0.45

Temperature at Onset of Decomposition

The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.

3 °C/min 10 °C/min 30 °C/min
Mean Onset Temperature (°C) 204 225 237
Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) 2 6 5
Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) 4.62e-04 4.90e-04 4.69e-04
Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) 0.38e-04 0.61e-04 0.68e-04
Mean Mass Fraction at Onset 0.98 0.98 0.98
Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset 0.00 0.00 0.00
Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) 450 465 500
Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) 9 12 3