Measured Data

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

25 kW/m² R1 25 kW/m² R2 25 kW/m² R3 25 kW/m² R4
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 39.00 35.75 37.75 37.50
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 10.00 11.25 13.50 11.00
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 181.34 152.74 135.48 140.17

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

50 kW/m² R1 50 kW/m² R2 50 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 6.25 5.50 6.00
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 13.00 11.75 202.25
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 200.32 201.57 211.92

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

75 kW/m² R1 75 kW/m² R2 75 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 2.75 2.50 3.00
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 13.00 12.50 12.00
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 288.82 298.58 293.95

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.01 0.004
50 0.008 0.0
75 0.008 0.0

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Derived Data

Soot Yield

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Soot Yield [g/g] Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.004 0.003
50 0.004 0.004
75 0.008 0.001

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R2 R3 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 13.63 13.29 13.8 13.57 0.21

Temperature at Onset of Decomposition

The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.

3 °C/min 10 °C/min 30 °C/min
Mean Onset Temperature (°C) 223 237 249
Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) NaN 2 2
Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) 4.62e-04 4.84e-04 4.37e-04
Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) NaN 0.37e-04 0.02e-04
Mean Mass Fraction at Onset 0.97 0.98 0.98
Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset NaN 0.00 0.00
Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) 445 461 486
Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) NaN 6 7