Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1230.0 | 11.0 |
| 20.0 | 1271.0 | 7.0 |
| 30.0 | 1321.0 | 16.0 |
| 40.0 | 1351.0 | 18.0 |
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.116 | 0.002 |
| 45.0 | 0.128 | 0.002 |
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in three tests, HF25_R2, HF25_R3, and HF50_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.
Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in three tests, HF25_R2, HF25_R3, and HF50_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
| 25 kW/m² R1 | 25 kW/m² R2 | 25 kW/m² R3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Sustained Ignition (s) | 136.25 | 141.25 | 151.25 |
| Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) | 98.00 | 96.75 | 101.75 |
| Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) | 975.72 | 1066.14 | 988.34 |
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
| 50 kW/m² R1 | 50 kW/m² R2 | 50 kW/m² R3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Sustained Ignition (s) | 36.75 | 37.50 | 34.50 |
| Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) | 85.50 | 78.75 | 78.00 |
| Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) | 1379.40 | 1425.41 | 1518.86 |
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
| 75 kW/m² R1 | 75 kW/m² R2 | 75 kW/m² R3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time to Sustained Ignition (s) | 14.75 | 16.50 | 16.00 |
| Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) | 74.00 | 63.25 | 61.00 |
| Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) | 1838.72 | 1815.52 | 1559.68 |
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in three tests, HF25_R2, HF25_R3, and HF50_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0.06 | 0.001 |
| 50 | 0.069 | 0.001 |
| 75 | 0.075 | 0.001 |
Specific Heat Release Rate
Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Derived Data
Soot Yield
Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in three tests, HF25_R2, HF25_R3, and HF50_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Soot Yield [g/g] | Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0.117 | 0.003 |
| 50 | 0.116 | 0.002 |
| 75 | 0.117 | 0.004 |
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
| Value | R1 | R2 | R3 | Mean | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 39.41 | 39.97 | 40.54 | 39.97 | 0.46 |
Temperature at Onset of Decomposition
The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.
| 3 °C/min | 10 °C/min | 30 °C/min | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean Onset Temperature (°C) | 373 | 392 | 411 |
| Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) | NaN | 1 | 1 |
| Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) | 1.23e-03 | 1.23e-03 | 2.38e-03 |
| Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) | NaN | 0.01e-03 | 1.69e-03 |
| Mean Mass Fraction at Onset | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.90 |
| Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset | NaN | 0.01 | 0.07 |
| Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) | 459 | 479 | 503 |
| Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) | NaN | 1 | 0 |
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
| Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|
| 600.0 | 0.946 | 0.001 |
| 800.0 | 0.929 | 0.002 |
| 1000.0 | 0.900 | 0.003 |
| 1200.0 | 0.864 | 0.006 |
| 1400.0 | 0.827 | 0.009 |
| 1600.0 | 0.792 | 0.012 |
| 1800.0 | 0.762 | 0.015 |
| 2000.0 | 0.737 | 0.018 |