Measured Data

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1658.0 342.0
20.0 1722.0 381.0
30.0 1843.0 433.0
40.0 1789.0 397.0

Dried

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 NaN NaN
20.0 NaN NaN
30.0 NaN NaN
40.0 NaN NaN

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.029 0.001
65.0 0.035 0.002

Dried

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.028 0.001
65.0 0.033 0.001

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material was tested with and edge frame and calcium silicate substrate.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material was tested with and edge frame and calcium silicate substrate.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

25 kW/m² R1 25 kW/m² R2 25 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 14.00 15.25 13.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 8.75 8.00 7.75
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 202.01 226.46 212.98

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

50 kW/m² R1 50 kW/m² R2 50 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 4.75 5.25 4.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 5.25 5.75 5.50
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 276.02 309.43 291.44

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

75 kW/m² R1 75 kW/m² R2 75 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 2.75 3.00 2.50
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 4.75 4.00 4.25
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 367.18 315.91 346.37

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material was tested with and edge frame and calcium silicate substrate.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.005 0.001
50 0.004 0.001
75 0.003 0.0

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Derived Data

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R2 R3 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 11.86 11.68 12.72 12.09 0.45

Temperature at Onset of Decomposition

The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.

3 °C/min 10 °C/min 30 °C/min
Mean Onset Temperature (°C) 276 294 312
Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) NaN 3 2
Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) 1.14e-03 1.04e-03 9.51e-04
Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) NaN 0.03e-03 0.04e-04
Mean Mass Fraction at Onset 0.96 0.96 0.97
Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset NaN 0.00 0.00
Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) 367 390 414
Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) NaN 0 0

Band Averaged Emissivity

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

Source Temperature [K] Emissivity Std. Dev.
600.0 0.895 0.002
800.0 0.867 0.003
1000.0 0.834 0.005
1200.0 0.798 0.007
1400.0 0.765 0.010
1600.0 0.738 0.012
1800.0 0.715 0.015
2000.0 0.696 0.017