Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1481.0 | 11.0 |
| 20.0 | 1546.0 | 12.0 |
| 30.0 | 1616.0 | 14.0 |
| 40.0 | 1673.0 | 14.0 |
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1140.0 | 37.0 |
| 20.0 | 1184.0 | 40.0 |
| 30.0 | 1235.0 | 47.0 |
| 40.0 | 1273.0 | 39.0 |
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.173 | 0.006 |
| 45.0 | 0.182 | 0.006 |
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.100 | 0.003 |
| 45.0 | 0.109 | 0.003 |
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0.017 | 0.001 |
| 50 | 0.01 | 0.0 |
| 75 | 0.024 | 0.029 |
Specific Heat Release Rate
Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Derived Data
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
| Value | R2 | R3 | R4 | Mean | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 11.67 | 11.24 | 10.89 | 11.27 | 0.32 |
Cone Calorimeter
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] | Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg] |
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 12.8 | 0.2 |
| 50 | 14.9 | 0.3 |
| 75 | 16.2 | 2.8 |
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
| Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. |
|---|---|---|
| 600.0 | 0.956 | 0.001 |
| 800.0 | 0.945 | 0.001 |
| 1000.0 | 0.921 | 0.003 |
| 1200.0 | 0.889 | 0.005 |
| 1400.0 | 0.856 | 0.007 |
| 1600.0 | 0.827 | 0.010 |
| 1800.0 | 0.801 | 0.013 |
| 2000.0 | 0.779 | 0.015 |