Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Experiments for thermal conductivity [k] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned samples at 15 °C and 45 °C.

Mass loss rate [kg/s] was measured in cone calorimeter experiments at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material warps and intumesces after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid were used to limit this behavior, yet the sample still expanded vertically through the wire grid, in some cases by more than 2 cm. One additional replicate was conducted per heat flux level without the wire grid to acquire more accurate time to ignition data (HF25_R2, HF50_R4, HF75_R4). Another test was conducted at 25 kW/m² without either the edge frame or wire grid (HF25_R1) to observe the material burning behavior without intervention. For individual test notes and select test pictures, follow the link above to Download raw data.

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m²] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material warps and intumesces after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid were used to limit this behavior, yet the sample still expanded vertically through the wire grid, in some cases by more than 2 cm. One additional replicate was conducted per heat flux level without the wire grid to acquire more accurate time to ignition data (HF25_R2, HF50_R4, HF75_R4). Another test was conducted at 25 kW/m² without either the edge frame or wire grid (HF25_R1) to observe the material burning behavior without intervention. For individual test notes and select test pictures, follow the link above to Download raw data.

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material warps and intumesces after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid were used to limit this behavior, yet the sample still expanded vertically through the wire grid, in some cases by more than 2 cm. One additional replicate was conducted per heat flux level without the wire grid to acquire more accurate time to ignition data (HF25_R2, HF50_R4, HF75_R4). Another test was conducted at 25 kW/m² without either the edge frame or wire grid (HF25_R1) to observe the material burning behavior without intervention. For individual test notes and select test pictures, follow the link above to Download raw data.

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m², 50 kW/m², and 75 kW/m².

This material warps and intumesces after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid were used to limit this behavior, yet the sample still expanded vertically through the wire grid, in some cases by more than 2 cm. One additional replicate was conducted per heat flux level without the wire grid to acquire more accurate time to ignition data (HF25_R2, HF50_R4, HF75_R4). Another test was conducted at 25 kW/m² without either the edge frame or wire grid (HF25_R1) to observe the material burning behavior without intervention. For individual test notes and select test pictures, follow the link above to Download raw data.

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps and intumesces after ignition. An edge frame and wire grid were used to limit this behavior, yet the sample still expanded vertically through the wire grid, in some cases by more than 2 cm. One additional replicate was conducted per heat flux level without the wire grid to acquire more accurate time to ignition data (HF25_R2, HF50_R4, HF75_R4). Another test was conducted at 25 kW/m² without either the edge frame or wire grid (HF25_R1) to observe the material burning behavior without intervention. For individual test notes and select test pictures, follow the link above to Download raw data.