Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) | 
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1369.0 | 11.0 | 
| 20.0 | 1445.0 | 19.0 | 
| 30.0 | 1518.0 | 9.0 | 
| 40.0 | 1604.0 | 10.0 | 
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) | 
|---|---|---|
| 10.0 | 1081.0 | 16.0 | 
| 20.0 | 1122.0 | 16.0 | 
| 30.0 | 1173.0 | 12.0 | 
| 40.0 | 1232.0 | 16.0 | 
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) | 
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.125 | 0.002 | 
| 45.0 | 0.134 | 0.002 | 
Dried
| Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) | 
|---|---|---|
| 15.0 | 0.086 | 0.002 | 
| 45.0 | 0.093 | 0.002 | 
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps into an arched shape in the fire's decay phase. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires.
Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material warps into an arched shape in the fire's decay phase. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material warps into an arched shape in the fire's decay phase. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires.
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] | 
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 0.007 | 0.001 | 
| 50 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 
| 75 | 0.026 | 0.002 | 
Specific Heat Release Rate
Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.
Derived Data
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in both micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments and cone calorimeter experiments.
Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps into an arched shape in the fire's decay phase. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires.
Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter
| Value | R1 | R2 | R3 | Mean | Std. Dev. | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) | 11.71 | 12.18 | 10.38 | 11.42 | 0.76 | 
Cone Calorimeter
| Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] | Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg] | 
|---|---|---|
| 25 | 13.6 | 0.2 | 
| 50 | 17.3 | 1.3 | 
| 75 | 19.3 | 0.4 | 
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
| Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. | 
|---|---|---|
| 600.0 | 0.949 | 0.001 | 
| 800.0 | 0.935 | 0.001 | 
| 1000.0 | 0.915 | 0.002 | 
| 1200.0 | 0.891 | 0.004 | 
| 1400.0 | 0.870 | 0.005 | 
| 1600.0 | 0.851 | 0.007 | 
| 1800.0 | 0.835 | 0.008 | 
| 2000.0 | 0.822 | 0.010 |