Measured Data
Specific Heat
Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.
Unconditioned
Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
---|---|---|
10.0 | 1268.0 | 510.0 |
20.0 | 1314.0 | 535.0 |
30.0 | 1363.0 | 648.0 |
40.0 | 1451.0 | 601.0 |
Dried
Temperature (C) | Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) | Standard Deviation (J/kg-K) |
---|---|---|
10.0 | 1220.0 | 209.0 |
20.0 | 1273.0 | 225.0 |
30.0 | 1320.0 | 239.0 |
40.0 | 1349.0 | 278.0 |
Thermal Conductivity
Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.
Unconditioned
Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
---|---|---|
15.0 | 0.023 | 0.003 |
65.0 | 0.028 | 0.003 |
Dried
Temperature (C) | Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) | Standard Deviation (W/m-K) |
---|---|---|
15.0 | 0.020 | 0.003 |
65.0 | 0.025 | 0.003 |
Mass Loss Rate (MLR)
Mass loss rate [kg/s] was measured in cone calorimeter experiments at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)
Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.
Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2
Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2
Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield
Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.
This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.
Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean CO Yield [g/g] | CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g] |
---|---|---|
25 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
50 | 0.004 | 0.002 |
75 | 0.006 | 0.004 |
Derived Data
Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)
Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in cone calorimeter experiments.
This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.
Cone Calorimeter
Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] | Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] | Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg] |
---|---|---|
25 | 18.2 | 0.9 |
50 | 16.9 | 5.5 |
75 | 16.0 | 4.1 |
Band Averaged Emissivity
Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.
Source Temperature [K] | Emissivity | Std. Dev. |
---|---|---|
600.0 | 0.858 | 0.003 |
800.0 | 0.826 | 0.004 |
1000.0 | 0.790 | 0.006 |
1200.0 | 0.752 | 0.008 |
1400.0 | 0.717 | 0.011 |
1600.0 | 0.688 | 0.013 |
1800.0 | 0.664 | 0.015 |
2000.0 | 0.644 | 0.017 |