Measured Data

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1268.0 510.0
20.0 1314.0 535.0
30.0 1363.0 648.0
40.0 1451.0 601.0

Dried

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1220.0 209.0
20.0 1273.0 225.0
30.0 1320.0 239.0
40.0 1349.0 278.0

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.023 0.003
65.0 0.028 0.003

Dried

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.020 0.003
65.0 0.025 0.003

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Mass loss rate [kg/s] was measured in cone calorimeter experiments at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.005 0.002
50 0.004 0.002
75 0.006 0.004

Derived Data

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in cone calorimeter experiments.

This material shrivels under thermal exposure which reduces the exposed surface area during cone calorimeter tests. An edge frame was used to limit this behavior. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Cone Calorimeter

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Effective Heat of Combustion [MJ/kg] Effective Heat of Combustion Std. Dev. [MJ/kg]
25 18.2 0.9
50 16.9 5.5
75 16.0 4.1

Band Averaged Emissivity

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

Source Temperature [K] Emissivity Std. Dev.
600.0 0.858 0.003
800.0 0.826 0.004
1000.0 0.790 0.006
1200.0 0.752 0.008
1400.0 0.717 0.011
1600.0 0.688 0.013
1800.0 0.664 0.015
2000.0 0.644 0.017