Measured Data

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material warps while burning, typically with the corners curling upwards. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps while burning, typically with the corners curling upwards. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

25 kW/m² R1 25 kW/m² R2 25 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 30.50 32.50 30.00
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 19.75 19.00 20.50
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 206.90 186.22 201.32

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

50 kW/m² R1 50 kW/m² R2 50 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 7.25 8.00 6.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 18.25 18.00 19.00
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 312.77 299.87 281.27

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

75 kW/m² R1 75 kW/m² R2 75 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 3.75 3.00 4.25
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 17.50 18.50 18.00
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 380.74 343.60 368.96

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps while burning, typically with the corners curling upwards. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.011 0.001
50 0.005 0.0
75 0.003 0.001

Derived Data

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R2 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 14.08 13.98 14.03 0.05

Soot Yield

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material warps while burning, typically with the corners curling upwards. This was prevented in all tests by the use of tie wires. A calcium silicate substrate was included beneath the samples.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Soot Yield [g/g] Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.007 0.001
50 0.014 0.001
75 0.015 0.002

Temperature at Onset of Decomposition

The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.

3 °C/min 10 °C/min 30 °C/min
Mean Onset Temperature (°C) 237 251 267
Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) NaN 1 3
Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) 5.85e-04 5.42e-04 5.36e-04
Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) NaN 0.45e-04 0.06e-04
Mean Mass Fraction at Onset 0.96 0.96 0.97
Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset NaN 0.00 0.01
Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) 418 434 454
Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) NaN 6 2