Measured Data

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1367.0 16.0
20.0 1425.0 14.0
30.0 1511.0 7.0
40.0 1565.0 15.0

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.218 0.003
45.0 0.233 0.001

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

25 kW/m² R1 25 kW/m² R2 25 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 170.00 154.25 171.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 27.25 26.50 25.50
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 693.14 617.13 665.78

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

50 kW/m² R1 50 kW/m² R2 50 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 26.25 25.25 26.50
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 26.25 28.00 28.75
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 863.33 850.27 839.23

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

75 kW/m² R1 75 kW/m² R2 75 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 11.75 12.00 10.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 20.75 19.75 20.75
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 1372.55 1350.24 1306.36

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.007 0.003
50 0.014 0.0
75 0.016 0.001

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.