Measured Data

Specific Heat

Experiments for specific heat [J/(kg K)], or heat capacity, were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1371.0 18.0
20.0 1439.0 30.0
30.0 1493.0 23.0
40.0 1553.0 24.0

Dried

Temperature (C) Specific Heat Mean (J/kg-K) Standard Deviation (J/kg-K)
10.0 1210.0 20.0
20.0 1251.0 18.0
30.0 1297.0 17.0
40.0 1339.0 17.0

Thermal Conductivity

Experiments for thermal conductivity [W/(m K)] were conducted using a heat flow meter on unconditioned and dried samples at 15 °C and either 45 °C or 65 °C.

Unconditioned

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.096 0.0
45.0 0.101 0.0

Dried

Temperature (C) Conductivity Mean (W/m-K) Standard Deviation (W/m-K)
15.0 0.086 0.001
45.0 0.090 0.001

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 10 K/min.

Cone calorimeter experiments were conducted at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2. This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Cone calorimeter experiments were conducted at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2. This material warps into an arched shape during the fire's decay phase. This was observed in the first test (HF25_R1) and prevented in all subsequent tests by the use of tie wires.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2