Measured Data

Mass Loss Rate (MLR)

Initial-mass-normalized mass loss rate [1/s] was measured in the simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments at three heating rates: 3 K/min, 10 K/min, and 30 K/min and mass loss rate [g/s] in the cone calorimeter at three heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

Cone Calorimeter Test Notes:
This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in two tests, HF50_R2 and HF75_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.

Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

Heat Release Rate Per Unit Area (HRRPUA)

Experiments for heat release per unit area [kW/m2] were conducted on samples conditioned at 20°C and 50% relative humidity using a cone calorimeter at three different heat fluxes: 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in two tests, HF50_R2 and HF75_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.

Cone Calorimeter: 25 kW/m2

25 kW/m² R1 25 kW/m² R2 25 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 113.00 110.00 108.25
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 127.75 124.50 123.50
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 943.88 934.41 959.10

Cone Calorimeter: 50 kW/m2

50 kW/m² R1 50 kW/m² R2 50 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 25.25 25.00 25.75
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 88.50 92.75 82.50
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 1564.61 1488.46 1583.22

Cone Calorimeter: 75 kW/m2

75 kW/m² R1 75 kW/m² R2 75 kW/m² R3
Time to Sustained Ignition (s) 12.25 12.75 13.00
Time to Peak HRRPUA (s) 69.75 68.25 72.75
Peak HRRPUA (kW/m²) 2372.76 2066.36 2388.29

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Yield

Carbon monoxide yield was measured during cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in two tests, HF50_R2 and HF75_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean CO Yield [g/g] CO Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.047 0.0
50 0.059 0.001
75 0.075 0.001

Specific Heat Release Rate

Experiments for specific heat release rate [W/g], were conducted using a micro-scale combustion calorimeter at a heating rate of 30 K/min.

Derived Data

Soot Yield

Soot yield [g/g] was calculated from smoke obscuration data collected in cone calorimeter experiments conducted at heat fluxes of 25 kW/m2, 50 kW/m2, and 75 kW/m2.

This material expands slightly under thermal exposure, which in two tests, HF50_R2 and HF75_R1, impacted the spark ignitor and caused spikes in the mass time history data.

Incident Heat Flux [kW/m²] Mean Soot Yield [g/g] Soot Yield Std. Dev. [g/g]
25 0.117 0.004
50 0.106 0.002
75 0.09 0.003

Effective Heat of Combustion (Δhc)

Effective heat of combustion [MJ/kg] is calculated from data collected in micro-scale combustion calorimeter experiments.

Micro-scale Combustion Calorimeter

Value R1 R2 R3 Mean Std. Dev.
Heat of Combustion (MJ/kg) 36.6 35.59 38.11 36.77 1.04

Temperature at Onset of Decomposition

The temperature at onset of decomposition [Tonset] is a derived quantity computed from data collected in simultaneous thermal analyzer experiments.

3 °C/min 10 °C/min 30 °C/min
Mean Onset Temperature (°C) 349 363 376
Std. Dev. Onset Temperature (°C) NaN 6 4
Mean Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) 1.00e-03 9.06e-04 8.57e-04
Std. Dev. Normalized MLR at Onset (1/s) NaN 0.18e-04 0.07e-04
Mean Mass Fraction at Onset 0.95 0.97 0.98
Std. Dev. Mass Fraction at Onset NaN 0.01 0.00
Mean Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) 467 488 511
Std. Dev. Temperature at end of Decomposition (°C) NaN 1 0

Band Averaged Emissivity

Band averaged emissivity was calculated from reflectance measurements conducted with an integrating sphere and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer.

Source Temperature [K] Emissivity Std. Dev.
600.0 0.954 0.001
800.0 0.941 0.001
1000.0 0.915 0.003
1200.0 0.883 0.005
1400.0 0.850 0.008
1600.0 0.819 0.011
1800.0 0.792 0.013
2000.0 0.769 0.016